Context and principles for early years provision Essay

1.1 Within a setting practitioners have to follow and refer to all relevant early years framework. This framework is relevant to all children aged 0-5 who attend a playgroup, preschool or a nursery/ reception class at school. The framework clearly sets out all the legal requirements that the practitioners must meet. In section 2 of the framework the legal requirements relating to a child’s learning and development are explained and set out. This section explains the early learning goals, educational programmes and assessment arrangements. Section 3 of the EYFS framework explains the legal requirements regarding a child’s welfare. This section sets out principles and requirements about safeguarding and promoting a child’s welfare, what suitable environment, setting and equipment would consist of and the organisation/ documentation regarding the child and their education. This framework provides guidance for practitioners which allows them access to useful advice and detailed information when supporting a child’s learning, development and welfare. This help them to improve their practice which helps give children a better start to their life in education as the practitioner will understand how to help them move forward with their learning and development yet still be safe and comfortable within the setting. Practitioners would be able to refer to national guidelines such as Ofsted. Guidelines are used by practitioners to help them bring out the best and care for the children in their care. The guidelines such as the EYFS framework set out clear information and cover all aspects of a child’s safety, health, development, welfare and so on. They help to point practitioners to success and efficient practice when working with children. 1.2Â  There are different approaches that can be taken by a practitioner when they are working with children in the early years. There are theories that were carried out by educational pioneers that stood up for what children need. These theories are still referred to and used in practice today. One of the educational pioneers is Maria Montessori and she worked with children who had learning difficulties. She spent a lot of her time observing children. Her theory was that every child is unique, in comparison to adults and other children, and that their individuality must be respected throughout the education process. She believed that if a child was placed in the correct environment they children would ‘normalize’. This means that they will develop into whole, peaceful adults with love of learning. She devised a structured teaching programme based on her observations. By doing this she designed, what she called, didactic materials. These encouraged children to use their hand and help them move onto more complex exercises. Maria thought it was important that children learnt how to work independently when they were young so that they can maintain that skill throughout their lives. Maria Montessori theory is used more in private schools. A way that schools use her theory is by teaching the children to become independent and learn to do things for themselves and by themselves at a young age. They send children home with homework so that they work independently at home away from the teachers or other children’s help and are encouraged to only seek the help of their parents when the y need help to understand the homework. This then helps the practitioner assess the child’s knowledge and helps them become aware of the areas they need more help with. Observations are used within a school regularly to determine what stages a child is at. Practitioners will then evaluate these observations to come up with teaching programmes and ways in which they can promote certain areas of development and learning. The high scope approach encourages children to make their own decisions when it comes to activities within a setting. This helps to encourage independent and active learning getting the children involved when practitioners are planning, carrying out and reviewing activities. The key features of the high scope approach are active learning- children learn best by being involved and being active; personal initiative- children have a desire to learn and develop; consistency- this helps children to become confident, independent learners; Relationships- children need to feel happy, comfortable and secure; Partnership- practitioners need to be able to build a strong relationship which children parents and to achieve and the appropriate curri culum- children need to be guided by a curriculum that suits their development and learning. All of these features are used within a setting every day. My setting follows all the key features of the high scope approach. For example the practitioners are always vibrant, enthusiastic and warming allowing them to build effective relationships with children and their parents. They carry out all sorts of activities and follow a curriculum that promotes all areas of development and learning. They have a range of different toys, materials and resources to help them make fun but educational ways of encouraging a child’s development and learning. This helps a child to blossom and grow the best way they can yet still be excited about continuing their learning. 1.3Â  Every child within a setting has individual needs and between children these needs will vary. A child’s individuality, ideas and feelings need to be valued and respected by practitioners as well as other children. This is an important aspect of developing a personal and individual approach to a child’s learning and development. There are needs that apply to all children within in a setting. Some of these are physical needs such as food, drink and shelter so that they are healthy, warm and safe. They also have psychological needs such as affection, comfort and love as these feelings will allow the children to build stable relationships and friendships. This will help the child develop a personality and will allow them to let their individuality shine and develop and share their own ideas and feelings. Intellectual, stimulation and independence are all needs that need to be full filled by every child. However, children have independent needs. For example, a child that has got a cough may have been to the doctors and been prescribed some medicine to help them recover. This child would then have to rely on the practitioner to remember when they need to take the medicine and how much they need to take. When practitioners are recognising and attempting to meet a child’s needs they have to take into consideration the child’s age, gender, maturity, their emotional development, intellectual abilities, social skills, past experiences and the relationships they have built with others. Practitioners should experiment different activities and ways to full fill children’s needs; this will help them to decide what they enjoy. It will also give them the chance to be imaginative and develop in different areas in several ways.

Complete lives

The Complete Lives System The allocation of healthcare has always been a huge issue in our society and the principles to allocate this resource also has come under fire. In the past it has always been â€Å"first come first serve† basis. Whether or not this approach is ethical is another question, but is it practical. The authors of â€Å"Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions† have discussed a new approach called the Complete Lives System.The complete lives system posses five principles for allocation that Include: ingest first, prognosis, save the most lives, lottery, and Instrumental value (Principles 6). The priority of this system Is to lad those who have not yet lived a complete life and will not be able to do so unless they get the aid necessary. This idea also considers many ethical factors such as saving the most lives possible, as well as a lottery, which takes into account the little information needed for recipients.While this system is no t practical for an entire economy at this point, it is a step closer to determining an appropriate approach to our health care system. The Complete Lives System is an ethically Justified and practical approach to health care because; it takes into account various practical approaches to healthcare, and it focuses on those able and capable to live a complete life with the public resources that they have used in the past. The Complete Lives system takes into account a variety of different principles used around the world.As stated before, the core principle Is youngest first. The system focuses on â€Å"youngest first† by giving the priority to those between the ages of 15 and 40. The mall reason why this first approach Is ethically Justified Is that adolescents eve received substantial education and parental care, and these investments would be wasted without a chance at a complete life (Principles 6). These resources primarily schooling would be a waste if without aid necessa ry. Infants have not received this benefit so they should not be considered a factor for instrumental value.They are also unable and incapable forming long term plans and values that some have already received before they turn 18. While alone this principle is impractical, the combination of prognosis and instrumental values makes this model ethically sound. Demand will always be larger than supply In the healthcare system it is almost an Inevitable factor when determining a correct model. The argument of which healthcare model should be used Is focused around who will receive the appropriate care, and who will be left out.The abandonment of the â€Å"sickest first† Is ethically Justified based on the principle of prognosis. Factoring prognosis Into the model takes into account that large amounts of resources will not be use the majority of resources to those that can benefit the most? I believe so, and the tutors of this article also agree. If the care given to those termina lly ill only give benefits of a couple of weeks or a few months compared to multiple years for those that are better off, it is hard to not see this as an ethically Justified model.As I said before not every person is able to reap equal benefits of the healthcare system, no country possesses the resources capable of achieving this utopia. The most practical method is providing aid to those that can reap the most benefit from the care. Objections to the Complete Lives System is said to discriminate against older people. Everyone was once the age of 25 and able to seek the benefits of the system but why now that they are 65 that they cannot? Some tend to say that this is discrimination and â€Å"ageist†.The system was designed to give each person an equal responsibility of living a complete life, which has been accomplished at the age of 65. They have already had the chance to live a complete life and reap the benefits designed by society such as education e. T. C. When the sys tem is maximized, it is designed to offer the greatest benefit to those that need it. An adolescent offers more infinite to society in the future then an elderly one would. As an economics major I have always thought to look at decisions based on the opportunity cost, or the cost associated with an alternative decision that is forgone.What would be the opportunity cost of choosing to extend an elder life potentially 10 years, over an adolescent for maybe 50-60? Obviously it depends on the specific person but the benefit to society by one living another 50 years triumphs one that only has a few left. If the United States would switch to the Complete Lives system then my current enervation would benefit greatly from this change. We would be able to look forward to the high possibly of benefiting from a â€Å"complete† life.It gives a sense of relief knowing that if I were to develop an ailment in the near future that I would be able to get the care I need to regain my quality o f life. In contrast those that are past the age to be prioritize will not feel the same way about the system. One quote I found particularly interesting was the rule of rescue, â€Å"our moral response to the imminence of death demands that we rescue the doomed† (Principles 2). The Complete Lives System does not factor the sickest first, which usually is the elder generation.Its hard to agree with the principle knowing that when I get older and my quality of life decreases, that I will not receive the same treatment as I once did. This is the only flaw of this system it does make you question whether or not it could be effective when it is put into action. Even with this flaw in the system it is still nice to know that the priority is given to those that have not lived a complete quality filled life. Recently I had a close family member of mine pass away at the age of 87. He had been dealing with various health problems the last 5 years or so and had been receiving pretty ext ensive medical care.I definitely believe that under this system that he would not have received the same amount of care and most likely would not have lived as long. When the time came for my family and him to decide what the future plan of action would be, they decided he did not want to continue the treatment to only be in pain for maybe a couple extra months. When he passed it was very hard for all of us to accept the news and the decision but in the end it was to receiving the treatment he needed years ago under the Complete Lives System and looking at it now I probably would not want the system to apply.I believe that this system is a step forward in the right direction for our healthcare system but any person is selfish in dealing with one of his or her own friends or family members. While I wouldn't have wanted the system to apply to my family member I could accept the fact knowing that the resources necessary too keep him alive could be better used on someone else to increas e their quality of life. The Complete Lives System uses a variety of different principles to try and have a concise system in place to designate who receives the appropriate care.At this time it would be hard to put a system like this into place in somewhere such as the United States, but if used appropriately for the correct system it could be considered as an ethical approach to this big question. Some of the opposing viewpoints accurately generate questions about various aspects of the Complete Lives, but I believe that it is a legitimate policy that factors in all aspects of morality.

Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Composition - Essay Example Iago contributed to the deaths of the other characters by spreading rumors against them, which leads to mistrust and conflict. He accomplishes this by maintaining close relationships with all characters and playing on their flaws to create conflict and hatred (Bradley 81). For instance, Iago is the main cause of death of Desdemona because he told Othello that Desdemona was engaging in immoral activities with Cassio. This makes Othello angry and he plans to kill Cassio, but returns home to Desdemona. Desdemona consoles Othello not to her by saying, On the other hand, Iago convinces Roderigo to kill Cassio to enable him woo Desdemona for romantic intentions. This causes conflict between Roderigo and Cassio, which later leads to the death of Roderigo. Alternatively, Othello finds Desdemona on the bed and smothers her using a pillow. This is an indication that the death of Roderigo and Desdemona is because of the gimmicks directed by Iago. Meanwhile, Emilia exposed Iago’s gimmicks and how Cassio possessed Desdemona’s handkerchief. Emilia says, Upon hearing Emilia’s revelations and realizing his mistakes, Othello commits suicide by stabbing himself. Iago is also terrified by Emilia’s revelations because Cassio confirmed that those were the true situation that took place. This makes Iago to stab Emilia and kill her before she exposes everything. Iago is also directly blamed for the Roderigo because he is the one who stabbed Roderigo. This happened when he insisted that Roderigo should not lose hope of seducing Desdemona. He does this by coming up with a plan of killing Cassio who is also after the beautiful Desdemona. However, when Cassio and Roderigo are involved in a fight, Iago stabs Roderigo to death and escapes from the scene. The circle of deaths revolves around Iago as the main schemer who is out to kill everyone for his selfish gains like kill Cassio and assume his position of

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Personal Statement Example I will be the first to admit that I was not always interested in a career in music. As a child, my activities leaned more towards the child like interests such as roller skating. As a teenager, I loved to take long drives in the countryside with my friends on weekends. But because my mother enrolled me piano lessons as a child, I had no choice but to follow her orders. As I progressed with my piano studies though, I discovered that I was slowly coming to love the art of music, hence the reason why I chose Music as my college major. As an international student, the biggest challenge I have faced would have to be my communication abilities .I am at a disadvantage because I am not a native English speaker. Since we have a number of Chinese students enrolled in my current school, I have come to understand the difficulties of learning a language far removed from ones own. Since translators are not always available and translations do not always work in conveying the original thoughts and emotions of a person. So I am working hard on improving my English skills in order to ensure that that I can overcome this problem that I am facing. As I previously mentioned, there are a number of Chinese students currently enrolled in my school. Being foreign students, they have a great difficulty in communicating with the others in our class and expressing themselves in oral reports. Such experiences send them into isolation because they feel intimidated by our classmates. I have gone out of my way to make friends with the foreign students and help them overcome their language barrier with the others in our class because I know that the time will come when I will be needing the same help from others. So I am paying it forward for now. My goal in life is to complete my college studies in Music and then go on to further training at internationally renowned musical institutions where I can catch the eye or ear of notable names in the music

Issues associated with Environmental regulatory control for ship Essay

Issues associated with Environmental regulatory control for ship operators - Essay Example e effectiveness of the implementation of the cleaner environmental ship operation practices and the adoption of greener technologies will by far be influenced by a well economically-quantified environmental impact, of the shipping activities (Pandya, 2002:44). Despite the fact that the shipping industry in the modern day operates under a very complex environmental regulatory framework comprising of both domestic and international regulations, the industry has still lagged behind in effective environmental regulatory frameworks (Nyhus, 2012:85). The traditional establishment of the regulatory framework has been in a more reactive than proactive manner, where the regulations are formulated based on events and other circumstances that arise outside the industry necessitating some form of regulatory control on the shipping operations (Nyhus, 2012:85). However, the increased focus on the local and international environmental issues has resulted to a more proactive shipping operations regulation, to reduce the burden of pollution that is shipping on the environment. Shipping is regarded as the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emission into the environment, as well as producing other emissions that are affecting the human health (Mitchell, 2001:72). The emissions from ships are known to cause major human illnesses such as cancer and a range of respiratory diseases. In addition, considering that the emissions from the ships is comprised of gaseous substances and even elements of heavy metal, the emissions from the ships has been found to be impacting negatively on the climate and the environment, through causing acid rain and eutrophication (Clarkson, 2011:7). The major problem in regard to the increasing environmental pollution by the ships emanate from the fact that the environmental effects of emissions were eliminated in the Kyoto protocol together with the aviation emissions. This made these sectors lag behind in the establishment of the comprehensive and

Westward Expansion Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Westward Expansion - Research Paper Example It is vital to note that manifest destiny was not an official government policy but it led to enactment and passage of policies such as the Homestead Act, which in turn motivated colonization of the West and acquisition of territories. More so, it played a vital part in the American thought of 1800s. An American newspaper editor known as John O’Sullivan was the first person to use the term manifest destiny when he was writing about the proposed annexation of Texas. It was stated that the American manifest destiny was to dominate and over-spread the continent in that via this expansion, America could be recognized economically, socially and politically superpower. In sum, O’Sullivan stated that American was chosen to play the role of expanding westward and establishing civilization (Woodworth 33). It was argued that it was the role of America to spread democratic institutions and liberty to other parts of the world. The main underlying aspect of this American mission was a strong feeling of racial and cultural superiority. Additionally, the Anglo-Saxon America stressed that they had the right to spread to the west while bringing them ideas of Protestantism and self-government. The American conflict with Mexico coincided with American’s desire for expansion. Mexico that had attained independence from Spain had initially accepted and encouraged U.S settlers in Texas but its ruler Santa Anna banned further U.S immigration. However, when Texas announced its own independence from Mexico, Santa opposed the move and vowed to put down the insurrection. This led to annexation of Texas was very controversial due to the issue of slavery. It was believed that Texas was going to add another slave state thus its bid to join the Union was threatened by the issue of slavery as it was believed that it would divide the Democratic Party. Polk encouraged and supported annexation of Texas because of the Country’s compromise on expansion. The Oregon trial was part of the concept of manifest destiny because manifest destiny was the concept that required America to expand into the western territory. Therefore, the Oregon Trail was the people who were moving or travelling from East to the West. This illustrated manifest Destiny because people on the Oregon trial were travelling and spreading out to the West, which was the central concept of manifest destiny (Rick 41-42). The idea of manifest destiny is well demonstrated in the California gold rush where gold mining led to influx of Chinese immigrants in California. This development was criticized by the Americans who lived in California because they believed that no person from other continent cold conduct business in their territory. The idea of manifest destiny was well illustrated in 1845 when James K. Polk became the president in that he initiated an aggressive expansionist plan. At this time, most of Mexican territories had been inhabited but America ignored this development and di smissed as baseless. More so, many people believed that English speaking Americans, protestant were better prepared and equipped to rule Mexican territories than Spanish speaking Mexicans or American Indians (Anders 64). The United States of America tried to purchase California and New Mexico in 1835. However, the U.S battled in the Mexican-American war, which enabled it to acquire the territories of New Mexico and California. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 During the early 1800s, slavery was the most divisive issue in the United States of America. After the revolution, most States in North of Maryland started programs of slowly outlawing slavery, and in the early years of 1800s, the States that still practiced Slavery were in the South. The Missouri compromise in 1820 was a

Managerial account decision making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managerial account decision making - Essay Example st 2008 financial crisis, the company began focusing on lean practices reducing time and cost in several of its processes and its outcome, subsequently, reflected in its annual reports right from 2009 through 2013. Starbucks is facing stiff competition from McDonalds Corp and Dunkin’ Brands Inc. The paper aims at exploring how Starbucks has been able to carve a niche through lean approach in the market place. As such, lean production is a new buzz word among companies vying for a place in a highly competitive arena. Toyota, a popular Japanese auto manufacturer, is known to have pioneered the lean approach in their operations successfully. Taking clue from it, Starbuckss management focused on lean approach aiming at not only on waste reduction but also on how to reduce time on several processes. (Yunos, 2013). Carter(2014) argues that lean thinking firm focuses on customer value enhancement through carefully choosing work processes. That means lean thinking takes a diversion from the traditional approach eliminating non-value added activities such as procedures, policies in their work flow. In a lean company, the most important parameter to consider is time. That means the lean organization focuses on time reduction methodologies. Work must flow continuously and uninterruptedly so that the cycle time of the entire value stream is reduced and throughput enhanced. Traditional firms focus only on crucial operations – all hidden or less important operations are neglected. However, in this process, less important operations interrupt the flow of work increasing customer lead time. Not only more time is consumed but cost also increases. Lean organizations create and share information among employees and assess performance by measuring the cycle times and lead times of all activities. Jargon, (2009) argues that Starbucks Corporation began its business as the anti-fast food outlet. Scott Heydon, the Vice President of the company, is a major force behind lean thinking